Bloody Thursday and Paint on the Sidewalk :: American History Depression Essays

Bloody Thursday and Paint on the Sidewalk On the edge of North Beach, across the street from where the myriad of little shops in the wharf which sell Alcatraz t-shirts and miniature Cable Cars begin, two human outlines made of white paint adorn the ground in front of a union hall. These are passed by hundreds of tourists daily, as well as many residents, yet few stop to ponder the curious shapes or the crude text painted in red: â€Å"SHOT BY POLICE JULY 5, 1934.† Though this spot does not mark where the original incident occurred, for the men died in front of the original Longshoremen’s Hall on the corner of Mission and Steuart streets, when the new hall opened here on the edge of North Beach these outlines were placed to remember the event. That event, â€Å"Bloody Thursday,† became the climax of the waterfront strike in 1934 and a turning point for Employer and Union relations in San Francisco—and the rest of the nation. ILA DEMANDS By the end of 1933, the effects of the Great Depression began to shift public opinion toward the rights of workers, and enlivened the efforts of unions working for collective action to ensure those rights. As a report before Congress in 1942 explained, Legislation such as the National Industrial Recovery Act emboldened these unions to explore the â€Å"potentialities of a protected right to bargain collectively† and, in the context of this potential, the â€Å"all but defunct† International Longshoremen’s Association renewed their activity and â€Å"met with immediate success.† On the West coast, the ILA gained scores of new members and even extended membership to include â€Å"checkers, seniors, weighers, lumber handlers, grainmen, and warehousemen employed on the waterfront.†[1] In December, the San Francisco local voted on a resolution to participate in a coast-wide strike to demand a six day, thirty hour work week with minimum pay of $1 per hour. Acting on the instigation of the local, a convention of members from all West Coast ports met in San Francisco in February 1934, deciding to strike â€Å"unless the wage-and-hour demands† were accepted. The Waterfront Employers Union, an association of ship owners which controlled most of the dock labor, refused to even meet with the ILA until they filed a complaint with the National Recovery Administration’s Regional Labor Board.

New Social Movements Essay

To what extent do new social movements represent a challenge to established ways of conducting liberal democratic policies? In order to understand the extent of the challenge posed by new social movements to liberal democratic policy and the ways in which they are conducted one must first understand what these policies entail. These policies or principles are listed by Goodwin as: 1. Supremacy of the people. 2. Consent of the governed as the basis of legitimacy. 3. The rule of law: peaceful methods of conflict resolution. 4. The existence of the common good or public interest, 5. The value of the individual as a rational moral active citizen. 6. Equal rights for all individuals.1 The modern day concept of a liberal democracy is based on the liberalist movement of the philosophers of the eighteenth century. However the advent of past social has resulted in challenges to the ways in which liberal democracy has been and is conducted over the intervening years since that time; the suffrage movement and the American civil rights movement against segregation are two such examples. These movements were successful because those in power allowed them to succeed (admittedly with some reluctance). More recently, that is over the past twenty to thirty years new social movements have grown up. These movements are campaigning on various issues including: * Anti globalisation; the backlash against the increase in power of large corporations and the perceived lack of legislation restricting their actions. * Extremist religious groups. * Environmental change; the movement and groups pushing for greater respect for the planet in a global community. There are also many other groups which have grown up as a result of the mass movement of peoples. These groups campaign for greater minority rights, and more freedom to express cultural heritage. Heywood states additionally that these groups are a result of the post-modernist era: â€Å"If the major political ideologies were in their various ways, products of modernisation [i.e. the labour movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries], the transition from a modern to a post modern society cannot but have profound significance for their [the new movements] roles and character [†¦] post modernity [†¦] has both thrown

Human resources: Job Examples Essay

Respond to the following: Give examples of jobs that you believe rate highly on the five core job characteristics and explain why. During my research I feel that teachers rate highly on the five core job characteristics. Skill Variety: This means there is a perceived variety and complexity of skills and talents required to perform the job. * A teacher motivated by Skill Variety may say something like this: â€Å"People don’t understand what I do. They think I just grade homework, give tests, and enter grades.† Task Identity: Which means the teacher perceives her work’s place in the district’s larger plan. * A teacher motivated by task identity may make comments like this: â€Å"I work in a good school district. Our students graduate with a solid education.† Task Significance: The job is perceived to affect the well-being of others. * Teachers know that their work is important, but it doesn’t hurt to have others agree occasionally. The teacher with the â€Å"If you can read this, thank a teacher,† bumper sticker on his car is motivated by Task Significance. Autonomy: The teacher perceives an opportunity to employ personal initiative in order to do the work. * In an era when laws, standards, and political agendas dictate what needs to happen in the classroom, teachers feel less control over what they can do. The teacher motivated by autonomy may exclaim, â€Å"I am a professional. I know what it takes to do my job.† Feedback from the Job: The teacher feels that he gets accurate information about his job performance. * Everyone likes a job well done. A teacher who is motivated by feedback will talk about student performance saying things like, â€Å"Look at how well my students are doing. Respond to the following: Describe considerations for Sportsman’s human resource management practices following its shift in competitive strategy. The HRM practices will help support the company’s competitive strategy. Sportman’s is trying to sale the shoes at a lower cost compared to the competitors and still make a great profit. The HRM will be the orchestrator and will get the ball rolling. The main idea of HRM is to distribute the functions of personnel department over a large amount of people making everybody responsible for something and decreasing the costs. The human resource management is very useful for  companies to achieve their goals. Describe the kinds of challenges Sportsman will face specifically in the area of compensation. Assess these challenges, indicate which one will be the most important, and explain why. Sportsman will face challenges in many areas such as, putting the right person in the right job. This would be for the current employees. Since the current employees have already been employed with the company they now could possibly be in a new role. Sportsman would have to offer seniority pay for the employees that are currently working for the company and for the new hires Sportsman would probably offer some type of incentive pay that will welcome the new hires to the company.

Congress of the United States Essay

The chronology of events during the revolution era are: Black Loyalists, A century of Law making for a new constitution, The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources-1745-1799, Letters of Delegates to Congress- 1774-1789, The Rochambeau Map Collection, American Revolutionary War – (dead link). The date for the Declaration of Independence is July 4, 1776, and the US constitution is September 17, 1778. Authority granted to the following government branches; Congress- article 1 states that all legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. The President- article II states that the Executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same Term. Lastly is the section three of the judiciary that says; the judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behavior, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. Framers’ rationale for a separation of powers in the US Constitution attempts to move beyond the general functional/formal debate by analyzing the views of the contemporary Court’s leading separation of powers functionalist, Justice White, and his effort to create a meaningful doctrine. Faction is the conflict within a nation. Madison in federal paper 10 addresses the question of how to guard against factions, groups of citizens with interests contrary to the rights of others or the interests of the whole community. Republic is an authority derived through the election by the people of public officials best fitted to represent them, while Democracy is a government of the masses whereby authority is derived through mass meeting or any other form of direct expression. When we compare and contrast the political view of young Madison with mature Madison, it depicts that when he was young, he distrusts political parties and democracy; while he believed that government should reflect the will of the majority, when he got mature. Dahl argues that an individual voter in a state with a smaller population has greater weight than a voter in the more populated state. The reason is that both African Americans and Hispanics are substantially underrepresented due to their greater presence in high-population states as compared to in low-population states. Dahl likes the proportional representation of national elections using a parliamentary system. The advantages are; Parliamentary systems are characterized by no clear-cut separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches, leading to a different set of checks and balances compared to those found in presidential systems, are usually have a clear differentiation between the head of government and the head of state, with the head of government being the prime minister, and the head of state often being the president. The disadvantages of parliamentary systems are; In Presidential system, executive branch in separately elected, meaning that there’s no direct responsibility, numerous, fragmented party system, fusion of powers, dangerous for young democracies. First-past-the-post election system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies. Having a right to vote has helped due to the expansion of various amendments like; universal suffrage which describe a situation in which the right to vote is not restricted by race, gender, belief or social status. Framers decide to use an electoral college for presidential selection because Electors are technically free to vote for anyone eligible to be President, but in practice pledge to vote for specific candidates and voters cast ballots for favored presidential candidates by voting for correspondingly pledged electors. The electoral college works by allocating each state a number of Electors equal to the number of its U. S. Senators (always 2) plus the number of its U. S. Representatives (which may change each decade according to the size of each State’s population as determined in the Census). A constitution can be amended by proposing an amendment and ratifying an amendment. The president can be removed from the office on impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High crimes and misdemeanors. â€Å"The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is what Madison said and it is still true up to date. Intent bill of rights was meant to protect the state from the federal interference. The most important on e is the English bill of rights. The tenth amendment states that â€Å"The States should be left to do whatever they can do as well as the federal government†. It reassures the states that they would remain largely in charge within their own borders. Majoritarianism is a traditional political philosophy or agenda which asserts that a majority (sometimes categorized by religion, language, or some other identifying factor) of the population is entitled to a certain degree of primacy in society, and has the right to make decisions that affect the society. The political theory of pluralism holds that political power in society does not lie with the electorate, or with small concentrated elite, but is distributed between a wide numbers of groups. Elite theory is a theory of the state which seeks to describe and explain the power relationships in modern society. It argues that a small minority, consisting of members of the economic elite and policy-planning networks, hold the most power no matter what happens in elections in a country. Yes, the judicial is independent of the other branches of the government and external forces. The reason for this is to prevent corruption. The first amendment is an absolute right. John Peter Zenger was a German-born American printer, publisher, editor and journalist in New York City Zenger’s trial was significant because he was fighting for the freedom of speech. Libel is the communication of a statement that makes a false claim, expressly stated or implied to be factual, that may give an individual, business, product, group, government or nation a negative image. Obscenity is a term that is most often used in a legal context to describe expressions (words, images, actions) that offend the prevalent sexual morality of the time. Business administration consists of the performance or management of business operations and thus the making or implementing of major decisions while public administration is the development, implementation and study of branches of government policy. Common law refers to law and the corresponding legal system developed through decisions of courts and similar tribunals, rather than through legislative statutes or executive action. Case law is that body of reported judicial opinions in countries that have common law legal systems. It includes courts’ interpretations of statutes, and also constitutional provisions and administrative rules. Statutory law is written law set down by a legislature or other governing authority such as the executive branch of government in response to a perceived need to clarify the functioning of government, improve civil order, to codify existing law, or for an individual or company to obtain special treatment. The U. S. House of Representatives and then the U. S. Senate are the one who declares war. Yes, the Congress has the authority to veto state legislation. One of the intentions of the founders in designing a new constitution was to ensure that the federal government had sufficient power to run the country. The Supremacy Clause is the common name given to Article VI, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution, which reads: â€Å"This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding†. Public administration is boring because it’s full of bureaucracies. Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions. Politics is generally applied to behavior within civil governments, but politics has been observed in all human group interactions, including corporate, academic, and religious institutions. Politics consists of social relations involving authority or power, and refers to the regulation of a political unit and to the methods and tactics used to formulate and apply policy.

Features and Consequences of Globalization Essay

Features and Consequences of Globalization - Essay Example Globalization has rapidly changed the lifestyles of many people without their even being unaware. To take an example, most people had not even heard of the Internet in 1990. Also, few people had an e-mail address then. But today the Internet, cell phones and e-mail have become essential tools that many people just cannot live without, in both developed and developing countries. But globalization does have its opponents. This essay examines the fundamental aspects of globalization such as meaning and definition, features, aims and organized and un-organized globalization. Globalization is commonly understood as the process by which physical, political, economic, cultural barriers separating different regions of the world are reduced or removed, thereby paving the way for exchanges of goods and knowledge. Globalization facilitates freedom of movement without political and geographical hazards and this seems to be the attraction of globalization to most people. Globalization also promotes mutual reliance. As the number of exchanges of goods and of information increase, the result is a growing interdependence between countries as they come to rely on various imported products, services, and cultural input. Thus, from economic point of view globalization is the integration of world economies into a single economy. Definitions Globalization means and includes increased closeness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics, and culture. The term 'globalization' has been defined by various authors in different ways. In fact, it has as many definitions as there are authors. The most commonly used definitions include the following: 1. Globalization is "a complex set of distinct but related processes-economic, social and also political and military-through which social relations have developed towards a global scale and with global reach, over a long historic period" (Rajaee Farhang, 2000, p.44) 2. The prominent Islamic scholar, Muhmoud Ayoub, defined globalization in the following way: "It is said that we now live in global village. To extent that it is true, it is a negative process. Globalization is a latest manifestation of Western Imperialism" (Rajaee Farhang, 2000, p.30) 3. In its most concise definition, globalization "simply refers to the complex of forces that trend toward a single world society. Among these forces are mass communications, commerce, increased ease of travel, the internet, popular culture, and increasingly widespread use of English as an international language." (Lautier Frannie, 2006, p.34) Features of Globalization Globalization means the integration of an economy with the rest of the world so as to ensure free flow of goods and services without any legal political and geographical boundaries. Globalization is different to different countries. The way in which one country approaches globalization phenomenon is different from that of another country. It depends upon the nature of economy, the political scenario and many other similar factors. However, the common features of globalization remain the same to all countries. They include: (OECD Handbook. 2005. p. 18) 1. Reduction of barriers to trade 2. The high interaction of financial markets is increasingly impacting on the conduct and performance of

Electric Field Simulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Electric Field Simulation - Essay Example Through COMSOL Multiphysics we discovered the results after simulating an electric field by using 2D and 3D of the electrostatic module. These modules provided many kinds of movement in the electric field for the three electrodes, which were energised with +1V, 0V, and -1V electrical voltages. Also, the strong and weak points are posted between the three electrodes and show the electric potential of the field. Finally, this paper will show the form of the distribution of electric potential and electric field between the three electrodes for the above mentioned conditions. Introduction: After Michael Faraday discovered the electric field, he developed electricity into something practical that could be used in many technologies, especially microsystem devices. According to James Clear Maxwell, â€Å"the portion of space in the neighborhood of electrified bodies† is called an electric field [1]. At present, there are several applications used that are related to microtechnology a nd are beneficial to our lives. A good application in medicine is biology cells within medical laboratories. In this way, application is applied to the electric field to move cells and separate or analyze cells via impact electric forces. The movement, separation, and analyzing is done through a technique known as AC electrokinetics. This technique occurs when an electric field interacts with dipoles, but it depends on forces between repulsion and rotation by altering the nature of the dynamic field [2]. This new technique is beneficial in biotechnology because of the electric field [3]. Also, the AC electrokinetics technique depends on a delicate process known as dielectrophoresis. This is â€Å"the migration of uncharged particles towards the position of maximum field strength in a non-uniform electric field† [4]. The basic principle operation of dielectrophoresis is by deference of electromagnetic and dielectric properties. For example, the separation of cancer cells is be hind the electrodes, while the natural cells move away from the electrodes due to variations of the electric field [5]. Figure 1 shows the forces of attraction and repulsion between cancer cells and normal cells. Fig.1. Basic Principle of Dielectrophoresis An electric field is a region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other charged particles or objects. It is defined as an area between two charges and then there is a force (positive or negative) exerted [6]. The forces exerted on the test charge will be directly proportional to another charge according to Coulomb’s law [7]: Fe ? q1 q2 If divide the forces on the test charge: E=Fe /q ' Where E = electric field (N/C) and F = force (N) and q' = charge on test charge (C) Also, according to Coulomb’s law, we can find E where: = the permittivity of free space Then we can calculate the electric flux by using Gausses’ law [8]: Q = ? E.d There is a relationship between the elec tric field and electric potential if the electric potential is identified in an action area, then we can calculate the value of the electric field by: dV = - E.d. However, the electric potential consists of lines called equipotential lines. There is a direct correlation between the electric field lines and the energy of electric potential because the first one always puts the electric potential of direction that causes dropping electric potential [9], whereas, in this case, we are dealing with an accelerometer that

Comparison between Canada's Military Correctional System and the Research Paper

Comparison between Canada's Military Correctional System and the United States Military Correctional System - Research Paper Example The responsibility of the Army Correctional Command ACC is the management of resources like force structure, budget, personnel and the day to day operations of the U.S Military Corrections System (Grande, 2009). The U.S Military Corrections system has two oversees facilities in Germany and Korea, two medium security regional facilities in Fort Sill Oklahoma and Fort Lewis Washington, and one maximum security prison ( U.S Disciplinary Barracks ) in Fort Leavenworth Kansas. Both the regional Military Corrections facilities and U.S Disciplinary Barracks provide a complete range of custodial and correctional treatment programs to military offenders regardless of the branch of service, and the only maximum security facility in the department of U.S defense is the U.S Disciplinary Barracks. The military corrections system comprise of three level tiers: Level-1 accommodates inmates with sentence of less than one year. The level-1 tier has no different from the public prisons and most progra ms are the same in comparison. The marine corps operates two facilities; the navy is in charge of six facilities, while the air force manages 36 facilities. The level-1 tier is not controlled by the Army. The level-2 tier accommodates inmates with sentence of less than 7 years and is the middle tier. The majority of military offenders are retained in level two. The army is in charge and controls the better part of level two while the marine corps operates and controls 3 facilities. The Air force does not operate any facility in level two, thus majority of inmates are retained in at two Naval consolidated brigs. The level-3 accommodating inmates with sentence of more than 7 years and inmates whose character pose threat to the national security of the United states. Females are majorly confined in this level so as to benefit from the health facilities, assets and consolidated space. Level-3 tier includes male military. The level-3 does not accommodate pre-trial inmates and its mission is â€Å"Our mission, Your Future†. Unlike the United States of America, Canada has only one Military forces prison named, the Canadian Forces Service Prison and Detention Barracks (CFSPDB), located at the Canadian Forces Based Edmonton. The Canada military prison is maintained and controlled by the Canadian Forces Military Police, although non-commissioned officers NCOs from various branches of the Canadian Forces also serves as staffs at the prison. The prison confines inmates with the jail term not exceeding two years. Military offenders with a crime sentence of more than two years imprisonment are then referred to the public prison after they have been relieved of their duties as Canadian Force Personnel. Rights/Treatment of Inmates The Canada’s detention facilities at Edmonton Alberta have unforgettable experience in store for any soldier who dares to go the wrong path of the law, which is very useful in military personnel behavior corrections purposes. The Canad ian Forces Service Detention Barracks (CFSPDB) inmates go through training, counseling and are assigned various duties majorly hard labor like performing drills. For about two weeks from their arrival, the military prisoners have limited privileges like sleeping and eating, but are not allowed to make phone calls, interacting with fellow prisoners, interact with